International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine

A case study on Ayurvedic management of Seborrhoeic Keratosis with special reference to Charmakeel

Gabhane Shilpa M — 2024-04-01

Seborrheic keratosis is a typical, benign disorder that affects the ageing population. In Ayurveda it can be compared with Charmakeel which is one of the types of Kshudraroga. Acharya Sushruta described several therapy methods such as the internal administration of medication, external application, and para-surgical techniques in the treatment of Charmakeel. In present case report 26 years old female patient visited in OPD complaining of two thick, black patches on right ankle joint with mild itching since 6 months. The case was diagnosed as Charmakeel. Patient was treated with Shamana Chikitsa Mahamanjishthadi kashay, Aarogyavardhini Vati, Punarnavadi mandur, PanchtiktaGhrut guggul as internal medication and Panchvalkaladi taila for local application. Treatment was given for two months and Shodhana Chikitsa (Raktamokshana by Jalauka) was carried out at every 15 days interval during treatment. Patient reported with significant results. Follow-up was taken upto 6 months and patient had no any complaints or recurrence. This case shows that Ayurveda can treat keratosis effectively and without any side effect.

Ayurvedic intervention as an adjunct therapy in Non-union 5th metatarsal fracture: A case report

Pramod Kumar — 2024-04-01

Proximal 5th metatarsal (MT) fractures are a common sequel of foot injury and painful nonunion is one of its well-described consequences. The purpose of this study is to present the manifestation and determine the effectiveness of ayurvedic healing measure for symptomatic 5th MT non unions. Here we narrate a case study presented with the painful nonunion of 5th metatarsal bone following failure of conventional management. The subject was investigated for following parameters: (1) injury mechanism; (2) time to solid radiographic union; and (3) time to resume usual activities. The subject was monitored until there was a clear clinical and radiological union. The mechanism of injury in this case was a fall over forefoot with plantar flexion, inversion and abduction. The nonunion was demonstrated in radiograph even after 3 months of fracture. “Sarivadi lepa” (therapeutic application of drug) was used as external application and bandaging to reduce pain, inflammation, and compliment healing process of the fracture along with immobilization. By the end of 60 days, radiograph showed evidence of callus formation and solid radiographic union was demonstrated. The subject resumed to his usual activities after complete union and maintained well till last follow up. Thus, we can claim that Sarivadi bandhana (bandaging) is beneficial in subsiding pain, swelling and to facilitate healing of fracture along with immobilization. We recommend further study on Sarivadi Lepa in larger sample to establish its assistance in fracture healing action.

Improvement of visual acuity in non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy with Nimi Nirdishta Yoga- A case report

Pravin M Bhat — 2024-04-01

Ayurveda can serve in many disease conditions, whereas conventional systems face several limitations. Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is among such conditions, where effective management is becoming a challenge. Diabetic Retinopathy leads to visual disability and is one of the major complications of Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Currently available conventional treatments for DR have certain limitations; considering this fact, options from alternative resources are being searched. In Ayurveda, retinal diseases can be included in Drishtigata roga (~eye sight disorder) and DR can be correlated with Timir (~a class of morbid affections of the coats of the eye), as pathology of Timir is secondary to systemic Dosha Dushti (~vitiation of body humor) and DR can be considered as Pramehajanya Timir. A male patient of 61 years visited the Netra (ophthalmic) OPD complaining of defective distant and near vision for two months. Based upon the history of diabetes and clinical signs and symptoms, he was diagnosed with Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (NPDR) in both eyes. The indirect ophthalmoscopy investigation was used to confirm the diagnosis. Nimi Nirdishta yoga which contains Triphala, Yashtimadhu (Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn.), and Ghrita was administered for one month daily at night with honey. At the end of one month, there was improvement noted in distant vision without glasses from 6/18 to 6/12 in the right eye and 6/9 to 6/6p in the left eye while near vision from N/8 to N/6 in both eyes with glasses. Indirect ophthalmoscopy revealed a reduction in exudates and hemorrhages. The observations reveal that Ayurvedic approaches are helpful in managing Diabetic Retinopathy.

Role of Sheeta Upanaha in the Management of Vipadika – A Case Study

Ravali K — 2024-04-01

Skin is the mirror which reflects the harmony of Internal functions of body. Psoriasis is a non-infective inflammatory, Proliferative, Chronic skin disease in which there are scaly papules and plaques that can involve any part of body. Palmoplantar psoriasis refers to psoriasis that develops on palms and soles. Vipadika is included in Kshudra kusta having sign and symptoms similar to Palmoplantar psoriasis. In this case study, A 65-year-old male patient a known case of Palmoplantar psoriasis approached with symptoms of Scales and fissures over both palms and soles with Pain, Severe itching and burning sensation for the past 1year. After clinical examination and history of the patient he was advised, Deepana & Pachana, Shamana Snehapana and Seetha Upanaha as module of treatment. Even though treatment principles such as Deepana, Pachana, Shamana Snehapana might have helped in the overall result, but it was Seetha Upanaha Chikitsa observed to be quite significant in this case, as patient started feeling better after starting of Seetha upanaha. After implementation of treatment plan patient has become completely symptom free and there was no recurrence even after six months.

The Effectiveness of Wound Dressing with Virana Sanjeevi Thailam (VST) in the Management of Madhumegha Viranam – A Case Report

Subhashri R — 2024-04-01

Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is one of the most prevalent consequences for those with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (DM). The annual incidence of DFU worldwide is between 9.1 to 26.1 million, the mortality and morbidity are the common reasons for hospitalisation of diabetes patients. The available treatment modalities are expensive and unsatisfactory in the clinical management of DFU. In Siddha system of medicine Diabetic ulcers are referred to as Madhumegha Viranam (MV). Various thailam (medicated oil) are used in the management of ulcers. Virana Sanjeevi thailam (VST) is one of the classical Siddha topical formulations indicated for the management of chronic ulcers. As this thailam is not been subjected to clinical evaluation yet, this case study is to report the effectiveness of wound dressing with VST along with adjuvant Siddha medications in 60 years old, post-menopausal, house wife who reported with complaints of ulcer in the plantar aspect of right foot for a period of 6 months, along with a past history of diabetes and systemic hypertension undergoing modern treatment for the past 10 years. The patient was diagnosed to have MV and the ulcer had features of Grade 2 in Maggit Wagner system of classification of diabetic ulcers, wound area was 12cm², with pale granulation tissues and purulent discharges. Following treatment, ulcer healed completely in a span of 86 days and Leg Ulcer Measurement Tool score improved from 41/68 to 3/68. This may encourage the use of Siddha medicines in management of DFUs.

Management of post COVID arthralgia by Amalaki Rasayana: A case report

Sneha Salunkhe — 2024-04-01

Background: COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the newly discovered coronavirus. COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV2). Post-COVID syndrome for people who still have symptoms for more than 12 weeks after the start of acute symptoms. This may last up to one year. The most common symptoms reported are fatigue, anorexia, joint pain, dyspnoea, headache, anxiety, and critical manifestations like diabetes, hypertension, pulmonary fibrosis, renal failure, Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), etc. Agnimandya (~diminution of Agni) is a residual symptom of COVID-19 which leads to Dhatukshya (~diminution of Dhatu). Methods: We describe a case of a 50-year-old male who developed arthralgia after the remission of acute COVID-19 infection and post-COVID symptoms. The patient was treated with Haritakyadi yoga for koshtha shuddhi followed by Rasayana chikitsa by Amalaki Rasayana for the next 30 days for post-COVID ailments. The prime aim of treatment was to recover the function of Agni and koshtha shuddhi by administering Haritakyadi yoga followed by rejuvenation treatment by Amalaki Rasayana. The patient was assessed using the WHO well-being index scale, signs- and symptoms of post-COVID, six-minute walk test on the 0^th, 15^th, and 30^th day follow-up. Results: Haritakyadi yoga followed by Amalaki Rasayana reduced symptoms of post-COVID arthralgia, improved energy levels of post-COVID symptoms, and enhanced WHO- well-being score. Conclusions: It is suggested by the mentioned case that Amalaki Rasayana may be used for managing post-COVID arthralgia and for improving general well-being in long COVID.

Traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological significance and toxicology of Argemone mexicana L. – A review approach

Srinivasan N — 2024-04-01

Argemone Mexicana L. (AM, Papaveraceae) is found and native to tropical America. Many cultures have traditionally used this annual herb to treat a variety of ailments, including skin disorders, digestive problems, eye issues, and anti-dotes. Argemone Mexicana (AM), a plant with a long history of traditional use, has recently gained renewed attention from researchers due to its potential pharmacological benefits. The possibility that this plant could be used to develop new therapies has inspired further research. Information about AM was collected from scientific databases published between January 2000 and March 2022. These databases include Elsevier, PubMed, Web of Science, NOPR, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, Wiley, SpringerLink, and ACS publications. Numerous chemical constituents present in AM have been found to have medicinal properties, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phenolic compounds, saponin, terpenoids, and cardiac glycosides. Various parts of the AM plant exhibit antimicrobial, wound healing, antioxidant, antimalarial, larvicidal, anthelmintic, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, anticancer effects, and have been used to treat sexually transmitted diseases. However, the plant is also known to be toxic, and its use can lead to a number of adverse effects, including dermatitis, gastrointestinal disturbances, and neurological damage. This review critically evaluates recent developments in the traditional use, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of AM in order to provide a scientific basis for reasonable utilization and further research.

Fighting COVID-19: A Study to Compare Viable Treatment Options across Different Medical Systems

Vedvati Bhapkar — 2024-04-01

During COVID-19, while many drugs from conventional medicine (CM) were falling short, those from Ayurveda, Siddha, Herbal Medicine, and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) showed promising potential. The published recovery-aimed clinical studies on medicines from above-mentioned systems were retrieved. For CM, meta-analyses of studies using ICMR-protocol drugs, viz. hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, favipiravir, ivermectin & remdesivir were searched. For other systems, preferably active-controlled, stand-alone studies, were considered. Their general characteristics, efficacy and safety outcomes were documented. The outcomes were evaluated on basis of a methodology inspired from ‘WHO-Minimal common outcome measure set for COVID-19 clinical research’. The CM drugs were utilized either in multiple combinations or independently. Most studied combination was HCQ and azithromycin. HCQ efficacy was studied in biggest sample. These drugs did not exhibit significant efficacy for early clinical recovery and viral clearance. The adverse event (AE) incidences were also prominent. Barring TCM, studies using Ayurveda regime Tab. Immunofree and Cap. Regimmune and CVO+C, were done in only symptomatic patients. The efficacy of Tab. Immunofree- Cap. Regimmune regime was better than conventional care including azithromycin and favipiravir. The AE incidences in these studies were minimal. Medicines from alternative systems except CM exhibited better efficacy and safety in all outcome measures.

A systematic review on exploration of therapeutic potential of Aparajita (Clitoria Ternatea Linn)

Laxmikant Paymalle — 2024-04-01

Aparajita (Clitoria ternatea Linn), is an herb widely distributed in the humid, lowland tropics of Africa, Asia, and Central America. Aparajita is known for its katu, tikta, kashaya rasa, and vishaghna (which alleviate toxins) properties. It is used in the treatment of various diseases and is a major ingredient in various anti-poisonous formulations. Pharmacologically, it has actions like insecticidal, cholinergic, antioxytocic, antihistaminic, analgesic, diuretic, purgative, laxative, and abortifacient. A systematic review is attempted based on preclinical studies to prepare a strong platform for the clinical utilisation of Aparajita as a main drug. The research papers reporting the study of Clitoria ternatea Linn in animals (In vivo and in vitro) were searched for systematic review. The literature search was performed using keywords like 'preclinical studies on Aparajita,' 'animal studies on Aparajita,' and 'pharmacological studies on Aparajita,' in combination with various effects in animals, in the following databases: PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Science Direct, Google Scholar, AYUSH Research Portal, and DHARA for studies published up to December 2021. Many preclinical studies reported that Clitoria ternatea Linn has diuretic, nootropic, anti-asthmatic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, antidiabetic, antilipidemic, antioxidant, and wound healing properties. In the contemporary view, several pharmacological studies and preclinical studies prove the effectiveness of Clitoria ternatea Linn in various diseases. However, very few clinical studies of Clitoria ternatea Linn were done. Further clinical research should be conducted to establish the therapeutic potential of the drug Aparajita.

Study of the effect of Kalyani raga in Anxiety-like conditions in female Wistar rats

Pratiksha Rathod — 2024-04-01

Stress is a medical condition. It can be managed without any internal interventions through Raga therapy as it is healing therapy. It works effectively in psychological conditions if performed with particular harmony. To study the effect of Kalyani raga on the behavioral pattern of female Wistar rats, stress and anxiety were induced in rats with mild stressors. Effects were recorded, compared, and analyzed. In 10 days pilot study, we studied two groups of 10 female Wistar rats in which mild stressors were induced for 7 days before 2 days and post-study 1-day observation. In group one, we intervened with Kalyani Raga and observed the behavioral pattern while another group was observed for the same without any intervention. The observation was recorded by a high-quality video camera. Parameters studied were locomotion, Climbing on the cage, Digging, Sitting, Feeding, Drinking, defecation, sleeping, and rubbing. Both groups were exposed to mild stressors during the recording. Kalyani Raga activates neurons and remarkably engages the brain. Even after stressors, Improvement in feeding within group 1 and the gross motor activities of group 1 with the intervention of Kalyani raga have been seen by a decrease in locomotion, digging, rubbing, and an increase in sleep showing the soothing effect of Kalyani raga which also showed a significant effect on sleep despite stress as compared to group 2 with no intervention. There is huge scope to perform the same study with a large sample size to get the evidence that can prove the effect of Kalyani raga in stressful conditions.

A Study to find the association between Obesity and Osteoporosis according to distinct fat depots - A survey study

Swati Bhingare — 2024-04-01

Medodhara Kala is the zone of transition between Meda Dhatu (Adipose Tissue) and Asthi Dhatu (Bone Tissue). So, any pathology in Medodhara kala is responsible for deprived Asthi Dhatu (Osteoporosis). Obesity is the condition where there is abnormal built-up of Meda Dhatu (Adipose tissue) altering the osteogenic potential of Adipose tissue. Among the various types of Obesity based on the fat accumulation at different fat depots, abdominal obesity is identified as the risk factor for the lower bone mineral density and resulting fracture. The present study aims to find the prevalence of osteoporosis among various types of obesity like generalised obesity, abdominal obesity, isolated Abdominal Obesity etc. Cross sectional survey was designed in which 100 subjects fulfilling inclusion criteria, willing to participate were enrolled in the study after obtaining informed consent. Participants were divided into two groups i.e. 50 Medoroga (obesity) patients and 50 non-obese volunteers between age group of 20 and 50 irrespective of genders. The collected data comprising Waist Circumference, Waist Hip ratio, BMI classification and other anthropological measurements and T-score was analysed using GraphPad InStat Version 3.6 software. Chi-Square test showed significant association (p<0.05) of osteoporosis or osteopenia in patients of generalised with abdominal obesity and isolated abdominal obesity, indicating that the prevalence of osteoporosis rises with increasing waist circumference. Significant association between visceral fat depot (Abdominal Obesity) with the bone mineral density, suggesting the osteogenic potential of Medodhara Kala which gets minimised with increase BMI (Body mass index).

Investigating the Prevalence of Stress and its Relationship with Sleep Quality in University Students: A Study in Iran

Zeinab Raiesifar — 2024-04-01

Introduction: Students are willing to cut back on sleep in order to adapt and cope with their stressful work load and environment. This study examines the prevalence of stress and its relationship with sleep quality. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted using available sampling of male and female students of the Nursing and Midwifery Faculty of Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz in 2022. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Questionnaire was used to measure sleep quality and Kessler Psychological Distress Scale Questionnaire was used to measure stress. Results: The prevalence of all levels of stress among students was 53.2% (140 people). 61 people (23.2%) experienced mild stress, 35 students (13.3%) experienced moderate stress, and 44 students (16.7%) experienced severe stress. The average score of Kessler's psychological distress (K10) of the participants was 21.9 ± 7.3 (maximum = 50). No significant relationship was observed between stress and gender (p=0.25) and academic year (p=0.72). There was a statistically significant relationship between sleep quality and stress (p < 0.001). Conclusion: This study reports the high prevalence of stress and poor sleep quality in students of Ahvaz College of Nursing and Midwifery. This study shows a strong connection between sleep quality and stress.

Documentation on traditional medicine used for Menstrual Disorders among The Poumai-Naga Women in Senapati District, Manipur

Jastone KP — 2024-04-01

Menstruation is a natural and biological phenomenon in women of reproductive age. It is often associated with certain disorders. Millions of women across the globe are challenged with social stigmas and taboos related to menstruation. This paper aims to assess and compare the menstrual health information between rural and urban areas and explore the herbal medicine used by the Poumai-Naga community to combat menstrual disorders. Respondents included 5 traditional medicine practitioners and 230 women. An interview and survey questionnaire were employed to meet the objectives. After cross checking from literature published in menstrual disorders from different states of India and abroad, nine medicinal plants were noted to be extensively used by the people. Rhododendron arboreum Sm. was not found to be reported in any of the literature to treat menstrual disorders. Results also showed that women heavily rely on and prefer traditional medicine and home remedies over modern medicine. Though Traditional Herbal Medicine is used globally, it may come with undocumented risks. And therefore, it is recommended to test and validate every potential herb passing through the proper channel for proper and safe use.

Abutilon theophrasti (Velvet leaf) a medicinal weed: A Novel Ethnomedical Approach in Exploring Anti-Solar, Anti-Microbial, Anti-oxidant Efficacy

Rahul Koli — 2024-04-01

The aim of this study was to assess the antisolar, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties of aqueous and methanolic extracts of Abutilon theophrasti. For the evaluation of antisolar activity, a Shimadzu UV-1900 double beam UV spectrophotometer was used, along with standard SPF values. The antioxidant activity was analyzed through various methods, including DPPH, nitric oxide scavenging, ferrous ion chelating, ABTS, FRAP, NBT, and LPO assays. The determination of minimum inhibitory zone (MIC) and antimicrobial activity was conducted using the disc diffusion method. The results indicated that the plant extract exhibited significant antisolar activity, with SPF values exceeding 10, specifically 11.5 for the aqueous extract and 15.60 for the methanolic extract, providing substantial protection against UV radiation. Additionally, the methanolic extract displayed a zone of inhibition ranging from 10 to 20 mm, while the aqueous extract showed a zone of inhibition ranging from 11 to 21 mm against various bacterial and fungal strains, including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. The MIC values ranged from 8.76 to 46.59 mg/mL for the tested bacterial species and fungal species. Furthermore, the antioxidant potential of the extracts was assessed using various methods, and their IC50 values were found to be higher than those of standard antioxidants. These findings suggest that Abutilon theophrasti (Velvet leaf), a medicinal weed, possesses substantial potential as an antisolar, antimicrobial, and antioxidant agent.

A Practical and Analytical Study of Yoga Therapy Techniques for Back Pain

Parvez Ahmed — 2024-04-01

Background: Yoga has garnered considerable public interest and attention across various countries worldwide, frequently being suggested as a means to enhance one's health. It encompasses more than mere physical exercises, incorporating a distinct philosophical outlook and psychological processes. This aspect is crucial when integrating exercises into today's unique cultural milieus. Aim: To determine the effect of selected yoga postures in treating backache. Methods: A quasi-experimental design was chosen to substantiate the objectives of this study. Seven different postures were considered; eight respondents recorded their responses after the yoga therapy. A purposive sampling technique has been followed to acquire the data. The data were screened and analysed using a one-sample t-test to signify the effectiveness of the yoga postures. Moreover, ANOVA is used to analyse posture comparison and compute whether all participants obtained the same relief. Furthermore, twelve cohorts participated in an awareness seminar and took part in thirteen different treatments; the effectiveness of such treatments was gauged via t-test. Results: Significant levels of relief were identified. However, the extent of relief among participants was different. Conclusion: This study adds to the literature related to the effect of yoga in reducing back pain. The study results can be used to create awareness of providing conventional treatment substitutions.

Development of standard manufacturing process of Tryushanadya Lauha – An organo-metalic preparation

Harlin Swer — 2024-04-01

Tryushanadya Lauha (TL) is one of the herbo-mineral formulations in many Ayurvedic texts. Tryushanadya Lauha consists Loha Bhasma and Tryushana, which includes Pippali (Piper longum Linn), Maricha (Piper nigrum Linn), and Shunti (Zingiber officinale Roscoe), Cavya (Piper chaba Hunter), Citraka (Plumbago zeylanica Linn), Bakuchi (Psoralea Corylifolia Linn), and Lavana (salt), which includes Saindhava (Sodium chloride), Aubhida (sodium carbonate), Vida (Ammonium chloride), and Sauvarchala (Sodium sulphate). This study is an effort to develop the standard operating process for manufacturing of Loha Bhasma and Tryushanadya Lauha. As per the reference of Rasatarangini, Loha Bhasma (incinerated ash of iron) was prepared in three batches. The processing of Loha Bhasma (ash of iron) was performed by adopting, Shodhana (purification), a special heating process and Marana (incineration). For the process of Levigation decoction of Triphala was used. Puta (heating process) was given in Electric Muffle Furnace at a temperature of 500 ⁰C. The percentage of loss was 49.9% after purification. During Loha Bhasma (incinerated ash of iron) preparation 14.7%loss and 85.3% gain were observed. This Loha Bhasma was used for the preparation of TL. During TL preparation, 0.6% loss was observed & 99.3% was obtained. This study will give the direction for the standard manufacturing process of Loha Bhasma (incinerated ash of iron) and Tryushanadya Lauha.

The GCMS, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activity of the Ayurveda oil, Arukaladi tailam

Aparna Sudhan — 2024-04-01

Ayurvedic tailams have a long history of use and efficacy. They have been used for centuries, with many individuals reporting positive results in managing and improving their health. Ayurvedic tailams typically have fewer side effects compared to synthetic medications, making them a preferred choice for individuals seeking natural remedies and can be applied both externally (for massage) and, in some cases, internally (for specific therapies). This versatility allows for a wide range of applications and health benefits.The current study focuses on the GC MS analysis of Arukaladi tailam, an oil composition used in Ayurveda to treat jaundice when administered topically. Before being subjected to the GC MS analysis, the product was appropriately prepared after being purchased from a reputable Ayurvedic dealer in Chennai, India. The IC50 value of the DPPH assay was found to be 744.7391μl/ml and FRAP reveals that the tailam had good reducing power. Further the anti-inflammatory of the tailam exhibited 14.2% of haemolysis at 1000μl/ml and inhibited protein denaturation by 63.74% with an IC50 value of 789.4013 µl/ml. The presence of biomolecules as shown in the GC MS profile are 2-Fluoro-6-trifluoromethylbenzoic acid, 2- tetradecyl ester, Tridecanol, 2-ethyl-2-methyl-, etc. These chemicals could help the medication work better to treat jaundice.

Beneficial effect of Barleria buxifolia leaves extract in the treatment of diabetes and associated complications

Sukeshini Lote — 2024-04-01

The global occurrence of diabetes has witnessed persistent escalation, starting from 151 million individuals in the year 2000, the time when the IDF Diabetes Atlas was initially introduced, to 285 million in 2009, and further reaching 382 million in 2013. Diabetes mellitus is characterized by elevated levels of glucose in the blood plasma. This condition emerges as a consequence of insufficient insulin secretion, insulin resistance or both, subsequently leading to metabolic abnormalities. The plant known as Barleria buxifolia (BB), belonging to the Acanthaceae family, is intended to possess the ability to treat various ailments in the traditional Indian system of medicine. Hence, this research aims to investigate the effects of methanolic and aqueous extracts of BB leaves on diabetic models of rats. STZ (60 mg/kg) was administered to induce diabetes in the rats. Both the extracts of BB were orally administered at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg, respectively to the normal and diabetic rats, commencing from the 3^rd day until the 28^th day. Blood samples were examined to determine glucose levels. The diabetic rats exhibited a notable rise in blood glucose levels. The aqueous and methanolic extracts of BB reduced the elevated glucose levels significantly (P > 0.01) and enhanced the body weight of rats. Thus, it can be inferred that BB possesses considerable potential for the management of diabetes mellitus.

Clinical Efficacy of Padabhyanga in Simple Myopia - A Pre-Test & Post-Test Study

Maneesha PC — 2024-04-01

Around 253 million people worldwide live with some form of visual impairment. The leading causes of vision impairment are uncorrected refractive errors (e.g., myopia) and untreated cataracts. Padabhyanga (foot massage) is known to promote Nidrakara (good sleep), Drishtiprasadana (improve vision), Shramahara (relieve fatigue), Deha Sukhakara (comfort to the body), and induce Pada Supthinut (sound sleep). There are two Pruthu Siras (large veins) in the central part of the foot that are directly connected to the eyes. Protecting the feet through Abhyanga (oil massage) and Dhavana (cleaning practices) is important for the overall well-being and protection of the eyes. Aim: To develop a simple and cost-effective remedy for simple myopia. Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of Padaabhyanga with Moorchita Tila Taila (special sesame oil) in simple myopia. Method: Padaabhyanga with 20ml Moorchita Tila Taila at 40⁰C on both feet for 14 days of 20 minutes duration. Results: A significant improvement in eyesight and eye-related problems in myopic disorder. Conclusion: This trial may provide evidence of the efficacy of the treatment in myopic syndrome.

Experimental study of Pruthvisara taila in excised wound model in Wistar albino rats

Archana Pagad — 2024-04-01

Pruthvisara taila is a formulation indicated in the chikitsa of vrana as topical medicine in classical text Chakradatta. It contains Shuddha chitrakamoola, Shuddha vatsanabha, Shuddha karaveera, Nirgundi moola, Nadibeeja, Kanji and Karanja taila as the base. Aims and Objectives: Evaluation of wound healing property of Pruthvisara taila through experimental study. Methodology: Wound healing property in albino rats by excision wound healing model and its histopathology study. Results: Results of the study on the parameters assessed like percentage of wound contraction and histopathology study; percentage of wound closure was observed in Control group was 94.92%, in standard it was 93.73% and in test drug the percentage of wound contraction was 95.73%.The test drug, Pruthvisara taila showed more angiogenesis and formation of new blood vessels than standard group and in control group there was absence of formation of new blood vessels and proliferation of fibroblast cells. The control group did not show any collagen formation and scab formation the test drug Pruthvisara taila showed moderate formation and deposition compared to standard drug. Compared to control and standard group, the test drug, Pruthvisara taila selected in this study showed remarkable wound healing property in excised wound.

Incorporation of standardised extract of Curcuma longa Linn into phytosomes and its evaluation for in vitro Anti-inflammatory potential and Brine shrimp lethality assay

Santosh Marennavar — 2024-04-01

Aim: To incorporate standardized Curcuma longa Linn extract into phytosomes and evaluate for in vitro anti-inflammatory and BSL bioassay. Method: The quality of the plant material was determined by various pharmacognostic parameters. The plant material was then subjected to maceration for extraction using ethanol: water as solvent followed by Soxhlet extraction. The resulting extract was subjected to phytochemical analysis to determine the presence of plant metabolites. The drug and excipients compatibility was evaluated by FTIR study. Furthermore, using the thin film hydration approach, a new lipid-based phytosome was prepared. In vitro anti-inflammatory and brine shrimp lethality tests were performed on prepared phytosome. Results: Moisture content, total ash, acid insoluble ash, water soluble ash values, aqueous, alcohol, and petroleum ether extractive values are all found to be within limits. The phytochemical analysis validated the existence of alkaloids, tannins, resins, carbohydrates, proteins, flavonoids, and saponins. The compatibility study demonstrates the compatibility of excipients with drugs. Thin film hydration technique was employed successfully to prepare the phytosomes containing Curcuma longa linn extract. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity revealed that prepared phytosome could serve as natural based therapeutic option for anti-inflammatory potential. Brine shrimp lethality assay also confirmed the bioactivity of prepared phytosomes. Conclusion: The method used for standardization can be used to aid with plant identification and quality analysis of Curcuma longa Linn for future research. It can be inferred from the findings that phytosomes loaded with Curcuma longa Linn extract exhibited promising anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic effects.

In vitro cytotoxicity and apoptosis inducing effect of Vallarai Kirutham with Rasa Parpam in HeLa Cell Lines

Ilakkiya B Gandhi — 2024-04-01

Cancer is an uncontrolled proliferation of cells that can affect nearby tissues as well as distant organs. Cervical cancer is predicted to be among the four most prevalent cancers in women overall in 2020, with 342,000 mortality and 604,000 new cases. Around 6-29% of all cancers in women in India are caused by cervical cancer. Women who have had several sexual partners, recurrent abortions, or vaginal deliveries—all of which cause repetitive stress to the cervix are more likely to develop cervical cancer. Radiation, chemotherapy, and surgery are being used to treat cancer. All of these treatments come with side effects, which can range in severity and have a serious psychological impact on patients. The Siddha system has a number of accessible herbo mineral formulations for treating cervical cancer. According to Siddha literature (Agasthiyar Vaidhya Rathina Churukkam, 360), the treatment of cervical cancer (yoni puttru) is advised for the Siddha medicine Vallarai Kirutham with Rasa parpam. The goal of this research was to find out this formulation's potential anti-cancer properties using MTT assays on HeLa cell lines. These findings of the current study suggest that the MTT technique's lowest reading for cell viability was 1.26±0.009% at a concentration of 100 µl/ml. This was followed by concentrations of 75 µl/ml, 50µl/ml and 25µl/ml which showed 7.91±0.004%, 23.91 ±0.01% and 37.17± 0.01% similarly, 10 µl/ml shows 52.09±0.01%.The matching IC50 value was discovered to be 12.44% and AO/EB dual staining was used to examine apoptotic activity. The outcomes of in-vitro experiments using the HeLa cell line. According to the outcome of in vitro experiments done on the HeLa cell line, the drug had substantial anti-cancer and therapeutic value in the management of cervical tumours .With a variety of time tested medications the Siddha system has shown outcomes that were clinically important for the management of cervical carcinoma. One of those medications has to undergo additional testing in patients with cervical cancer through clinical research.

Efficacy of Integrated Ayurveda Treatment in Type 2 Diabetes mellitus with special reference to Prameha: A Randomised controlled Trial

Suketha Kumari — 2024-04-01

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is marked by persistent hyperglycemia, often due to insulin resistance. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) constitutes 90% of cases and shares similarities with Prameha, a disorder characterized by frequent urination. Aims and objectives: This study aimed to compare Integrated Ayurveda Treatment (IAT) with standard diabetic treatment for Prameha. Materials and methods: A randomized, controlled open-label trial involved 200 T2DM subjects with HbA1C above 7%, taking metformin (≥1g /day). They were assigned to Standard Dietary Treatment (SDT) or IAT. SDT comprised metformin, dietary, and lifestyle modifications, while IAT included metformin with Ayurvedic medicine, specific Ayurveda diet, and yoga. Observation and result: Observations favoured Ayurveda treatment over standard diabetes treatment for most Prameha preliminary symptoms (purvarupa). Regarding Prameha rupa (symptoms), IAT significantly outperformed than SDT. Also, Ayurveda treatment group, led to improvements in HbA1C, fasting and postprandial blood sugar, and insulin resistance parameters compared to standard treatment group. Conclusion: Integrating Madhumeha ghana vati, ayurveda diet, and yoga with standard treatment yielded positive subjective and objective outcomes for Prameha, without significant adverse events. This suggests the potential benefits of combining Ayurvedic approaches with conventional care in managing prameha.

Investigating the Relationship Between Cultural Competence and Job Burnout in Nurses: A Study in Southwest Iran

Zeinab Raiesifar — 2024-04-01

Providing nursing care based on respecting cultural differences is very effective in the relationship between nurse and patient. Nurses who are unable to recognise and accept different cultures often experience burnout and anxiety and stress in the work environment. On the other hand, the importance of cultural competence and its relationship with job burnout in nurses as the most important group providing care to patients is becoming more clear. Therefore, we conducted a study to determine the relationship between cultural competence and job burnout in nurses working in selected hospitals affiliated to Jundishapour University of Medical Sciences in Ahvaz in 2021. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 232 nurses working in selected hospitals of Jundishapour University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz. The samples were selected using convenient sampling method. Demographic questionnaire, Mulder's cultural competence questionnaire and Maslach's job burnout questionnaire were used to collect data. Data were analysed using Pearson's correlation coefficient test and SPSS 16 software. Results: Most of the participants were female (74.3%) and 27.7% were male. Also, 71.3% of them were married and 92.3% had a bachelor's degree. There is an inverse relationship between job burnout dimensions and cultural competence dimensions (knowledge in cultural care, preparation for cultural care, attitude in cultural care, awareness in cultural care), but it is not statistically significant (p>0.05). Emotional exhaustion has an inverse and significant correlation with cultural competence (p = 0.000), (r = -0.494). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that cultural competence is related to job burnout in nurses.

Clinical evaluation of therapeutic efficacy of a Siddha herbo mineral formulation “Kumaara Veeriya Kaantha Chenduram’’ with “Nellikkai Legiyam” (internal) in the treatment of Iron Deficiency Anemia

Siva Lakshmi S — 2024-04-24

Abstract:

Background:

Kumaara veeriya kaantha chenduram (KVKC) is a siddha herbomineral formulation indicated for paandunoi in Siddha literature⁽¹⁾.Paandu noi is a disease characterized by changes in the body's natural color andpallor found in the skin, nails and conjunctiva.

Objectives:

To determine the efficacy of the KVKC, the open labed clinical study was conducted in National Institute of Siddha OPD.

Materials and Methods:

The 30 patients with Iron deficiency anaemiawere selected and treated with KVKC orally with the dose of 260 milli gram twice in a day with Nellikailegiyam6 gram continuously for 45 days. Laboratory investigations for hemoglobin was done on 1^st day and every 15 days once of the study.

Results:

Clinical assessment was done, based on the before and after treatment scores which was compared statistically and recorded.Regarding Hemoglobin level, 24(80%) patients showed increase of 1 to 3 grams from base level, 6(20%) patients showed increase of 0.1 to 0.9 grams from base level.Regarding Serum Ferritin, out of 30 patients, 9 (30%) patients showed 0.1-3.5 ng/ml increase from its base level, 21 (70%) patients showed 3.6-7.0 ng/ml increase from its base level.From the Statistical studies, the Mean ± Standard deviation for Haemoglobin before treatment was 9.7 ± 0.93 and after treatment was 11.18 ± 1.08 which was statistically highly significant (p<0.0001).And Serum ferritin before treatment was 9.27 ± 3.31, after treatment was 13.5 ± 3.49 which was statistically significant (p<0.0001).

Comparative antioxidant activity of Sesame root and leaf extract - An In-vitro study

Gomathi R — 2024-04-01

Universe has millions and millions of plants, but not all the plants have medicinal values. One such gift from nature is Sesame and is crowned as the “Queen of oilseed crops” due to its various medical properties like anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti- microbial etc. This research paper aims to compare the antioxidant activity of sesame leaf extract and sesame root extract with the standard ascorbic acid using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) assay. Different concentrations of the extracts and ascorbic acid were prepared (10 µg/mL, 20 µg/mL, 30 µg/mL, 40 µg/mL, and 50 µg/mL), and the antioxidant activity was measured. The results indicate that both sesame leaf extract and sesame root extract exhibit antioxidant activity, with sesame leaf extract showing slightly higher activity than sesame root extract. The findings suggest that sesame leaf extract has potential as a natural antioxidant source and could be used as an alternative to synthetic antioxidants. Overall, this study provides valuable information on the potential health benefits of sesame extracts and highlights the importance of natural antioxidants in preventing free radical damage and associated diseases.

Randomised Controlled Trial on the efficacy of Mamajjaka (Enicostemma littorale Linn.) in the Management of Madhumeha (Diabetes Mellitus)

Amit Ramesh Nampalliwar — 2024-04-01

Diabetes Mellitus is in top ten list of diseases causing mortality. In the year 2011, estimated 366 million people were found to be suffering from diabetes mellitus. By year 2030 this morbidity data will rise to approximately 552 million people worldwide. India is having the largest number of diabetics in the world and gets the name ‘Diabetic capital’. This study was carried out with an aim:-‘To Conduct a Randomised Controlled (Upashayatmaka) Trial on the role of Mamajjaka capsule in the management of Madhumeha (DM type-2)’. In this study total 110 patients of Diabetes were selected from NIA hospital and randomly divided into two groups. Group A (Control group) comprise 54 patients were administered with Tab. Metformin and dose was 500mg tablet 1 BD before meals as advised according to allopathic consultant. Group B (Trial group) comprise 56 patients were administered with Cap. Mamajjaka, dose: 500 mg Capsule 2 BD, before 30 min. of meal with lukewarm water. Total duration trial was 100 days. Results obtained in subjective and objective parameters were analysed for the statistical significance by adapting paired T test and unpaired T test. The study revealed that Group-B was found to be more effective in bringing symptomatic relief and Group-A was found to be more effective in improving biochemical markers in the patients of Madhumeha. Cap. Mamajjaka (Enicostemma littorale Linn.) provided better results, suggests that this can be a good complimentary medicine for the patients who are not getting good relief from modern medicine alone.

Evaluation of Anti-vitiligo properties through an In-silico Computational screening of Selected Herbal Bioactive Components with the target protein Tyrosinase

Bharath Christian CBS — 2024-04-01

Background: Vitiligo is one of the most hypopigmented disorders of the skin, it can be correlated with Swetha kuttam or ven kuttam or ven pulli mentioned in Siddha classical literature. Current therapeutic management available for vitiligo is only moderately effective in controlling further severity of symptoms. Hence in recent times, people rely most on alternative complementary treatments for the management of vitiligo. The research articles have shown the following bio-active compounds present in the selected herbs Kaempferol, Quercetin, Anacardic acid, Glabridin, Isovitexin, Aristolochic acid and Hydnocarpin which is already mentioned in the Siddha literature for the management of vitiligo(venkuttam). Objective: This research article attempts to carry out the molecular docking analysis of the chosen herbal bioactive components against the target enzyme Tyrosinase in Vitiligo. Methods: Docking calculations were done for the obtained bio-active compounds including Kaempferol from Indigofera aspalathoides(Vahl.), Quercetin from Smilax china(Linn.), Tinosporide from Tinospora cordifolia(Willd.)Hook.f.&Thoms, Anacardic acid from Semecarpus anacardium (Linn.), Glabridin from Glycyrrhiza glabra(Linn.), Isovitexin from Psoralea corylifolia (Linn.), Oleic acid from Nigella sativa(Linn.), Aristolochic acid from Aristolochia bracteolata (Lam.) & Hydnocarpin from Hydnocarpus laurifolia (Dennst.) Sleumer against Tyrosinase(PDB)-1WX3, the intended protein. Results: Nine bioactive compounds have been screened in total, the following leads as Quercetin, Glabridin, Isovitexin and Hydnocarpin which interact with target to form four interactions with 70–100% binding effectiveness with the protein – Tyrosinase enzyme. Conclusion: The computational analysis led to the conclusion that the bioactive molecules present in the chosen herbals had significant binding efficacy and may exert promising anti-vitiligo properties.

A Polyherbal extract treats Streptozotocin induced Diabetes mellitus: Pharmacognostic study, HPLC analysis and in vivo antidiabetic activity

Navjot Kaur — 2024-04-01

The plants used in study have been used traditionally for various purposes skin problems, diabetes, astringent, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hepatoprotective activities, anthelmintic, antipyretic, antidysentric, anti-hyperlipidemic, anticancer properties. The present study involves the evaluation of pharmacognostic parameters of the four herbal drugs (Azadirachta indica leaves, Pterocarpus marsupium heartwood, Picrorhiza kurroa rhizomes, and Withania coagulans berries and fruit coat), High performance Liquid chromatography (HPLC) as well as antidiabetic activity of polyherbal extract. The qualitative as well as quantitative analysis was done. The drug was given to Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats in doses 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg body weight for 21 days. In HPLC analysis it was found that major component in all the extracts was beta carotene along with hesperidin, tannic acid, catechin, ferulic acid, caffeic acid along with other polyphenolic components responsible for the antioxidant activity as well as antidiabetic activity of polyherbal extract. Rats were found to show an increase in body weight, improved blood sugar levels and hemoglobin. The liver glycogen, total proteins, serum lipid profile were restored back to normal range after using the polyherbal extract in diabetic rats. The histopathological study also shows an improvement in diabetic rats at cellular level. The results were found to be dose dependent.

The GCMS, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activity of the Ayurveda oil, Balaguluchyadi Tailam

Aparna Sudhan — 2024-04-01

In Ayurvedic medicine, tailas made by infusing the decoctions of holistic healing herbs in sesame or coconut oil. The current study focuses on the GC MS analysis, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of one such ayurvedic oil Balaguluchyadi tailam. The oil is recommended for the treatment of neuropathy, gout, arthritis, cataracts, headaches, and neuritis. Antioxidants, anti-inflammatory agents, and the amount of chemicals present in the sample were all examined in the oil using GC-MS analysis. The oil had strong reducing power activity, and the IC50 for the DPPH assay was 389.4 l/ml. The oil also had a significant anti-inflammatory effect. Numerous bioactive chemicals were present, according to the GC-MS study which has anti-inflammatory properties for which balaguluchyadi tailam is recommended for providing instant relief from pain caused due to arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. The taila is extremely helpful for retaining vata and rakta balance.

Cognition enhancing activity of essential oil of Hedychium coronarium j. Koenig in memory-impaired animal models

Shraddha Mahadev Parab — 2024-04-01

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative neurological condition that causes loss of memory and cognition. Numerous variables, such as age, environment, lifestyle, and genetics, influence the occurrence of such neurodegenerative diseases. Hedychium coronarium j. Koenig is being used traditionally for various skin problems. In, this study, we evaluated the effect of the anticholinesterase and antioxidant activity of the essential oil of Hedychium coronarium j. Koenig by in vitro as well as in vivo tests in Aluminum chloride (AlCl₃) induced zebrafish and mouse models of memory impairment. Hedychium coronarium j. Koenig significantly retained the spatial and fear memory in zebrafish and mice. Oral administration of the essential oil of Hedychium coronarium j. Koenig has neuroprotective effects in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease by regulating lipid peroxidation and reducing oxidative stress in the brains of Aluminum chloride-treated mice and zebrafish, according to biochemical and histopathological studies. These findings suggest that Hedychium coronarium j. Koenig essential oil has anti-amnesic effects via acetylcholine esterase enzyme inhibition and modulation of oxidative stress indicators in neuronal cells. As a result, the current research also suggests that Hedychium coronarium j. Koenig may be used as a natural, complementary therapy for cognitive problems linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Assessment of in vitro diffusion of Chincha Lavan Taila: An Ayurveda medicated oil

Bhagyashree Jibkate — 2024-04-01

Medicated oils are used for external as well as internal administration to treat various disorders. In Ayurvedic literature Murchhana is a procedure carried out on crude oil as treatment to enhance properties of oil. In this study, Chincha Lavan Taila a medicated formulation is prepared by two procedures Murchhita Chincha Lavan Taila (MCLT) and Amurchhita Chincha Lavan Taila (ACLT). This study aims to assess the in-vitro diffusion of Chincha Lavan Taila formulated by processed sesame oil and crude sesame oil. The in-vitro rate and extent of permeability of drug dosage forms are good markers to access the absorbance of the drug. The objective of this study is to evaluate the drug release of both oils by using in- vitro absorbance methodology of Franz diffusion cell apparatus. The in- vitro absorbance was studied in Franz diffusion cell apparatus at pH 3 and pH 8. The samples were collected and analysed under UV spectrophotometer to note absorbance of oil at different wavelength. It was noted that in the buffer solution of pH 8, there was maximum absorbance of all the samples. This experimental study shows that both formulations have well sustained absorption through gastrointestinal tract. The results indicate that the rate of absorption exhibited to be higher in MCLT compared to ACLT. This work helps to develop a new method to evaluate intestinal absorption and compare formulation for therapeutic efficacy and drug absorbance.

A Randomised Active Controlled Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy of Vyoshadi Yoga versus Simethicone drop in Udarshula (Infantile Colic)

Shruti Kapatkar — 2024-04-01

Background: Infantile colic is said to be the most common complaint among few weeks to 6 months of age babies and is characterised by continual sobbing. Acharya Kashyapa has portrayed a disease named ‘Udarshula,’ which shows the same clinical features as ‘Infantile colic. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ‘Vyoshadi Yoga in Udarshula. Material and Methods- This study belongs to Randomized Active controlled clinical trial which comprises total 40 patients of Udarshula randomly divided into two equal groups. Group A (Trial group) was treated with Vyoshadi Yoga two times a day after feeding with Honey and Group B (Control group) was treated with Simethicone drop administered two times a day after feeding for 14 days. Assessment of Udarshula was done by using the parameters of the FLACC scale, Subjective Criteria and Parent Questionnaire on 0,3^rd ,7^th, and 14^th day. Results- Positive results were seen in both groups. After application of Wilcoxon Sign Rank test, it has been observed that both the formulation of Vyoshadi Yoga and Simethicone were found to be equally significant P-value=0.01<0.05 in both groups. On the 28^th day, post follow-up showed both the group were reduced the symptoms of Infantile colic and improvement was seen. Conclusion- Significant results were noted in both the interventions. No ADR was reported. Further large sample studies with standard control would render better evidence in results with justification.

A comparative study of Goksheera and Mahisha-ksheera w.s.r. to Quality of sleep - An observational study

Sujit Kumar — 2024-04-01

Introduction: Ahara, Nidra and Brahmacharya are three sub-pillars, which support the main pillar, the body itself. Health is the supreme foundation for the achievement of happy life. Objective of Ayurveda is to accomplish the physical, mental, social and spiritual well-being, by adopting the preventive and promotive approach as well as treating the diseases with various remissive approaches. Aim: 1. To compare the effect of Goksheera and Mahishaksheera w.s.r. to improve the Quality of Sleep. Objectives: 1. To Assess the Effect of Goksheera to improve the Quality of Sleep. 2. To Assess the Effect of Mahishaksheera to improve the Quality of Sleep. 3. To Compare the Efficacy of Goksheera and Mahishaksheera to improve the Quality of Sleep. Methodology: - People who fulfill the eligibility criteria was selected who are voluntarily willing to participate in the study and assessed their quality of sleep by Using PQSI scale and advising Goksheera and Mahishaksheera in Luke warm condition 1 hr. before going to bed for 1 month. The selected Subjects are advised to maintain a sleep dairy to confirm sleeping/sleepless pattern. The data was collected before treatment and after treatment follow up, the intervention was compared and analyzed by using Wilcoxon Signed Rank W test and Mann –Whitney U test applied after consulting the Biostatistician. Ethical clearance: Was obtained from Institutional Ethics Committee of Parul Institute of Ayurveda, Parul University. Observations and Results: On Quality of Sleep is assessed by PQSI Scale, improvement showed were in Sleep Quality (58.12%), Sleep latency (60.35%), Sleep duration (65.72%), Sleep efficiency (60.40%), Sleep disturbances (56.99%), Daytime dysfunction (63.58%), and Global score PSQI (71.77%). Conclusion: Both Goksheera and Mahishaksheera have shown the beneficial effect, in the improvement of Quality of Sleep. But in between two groups, Mahishaksheera had shown more significant result, to improve the Quality of Sleep. Hence, the Null Hypothesis rejected.

Phytochemical analysis, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Screening of Shoot Extracts of Viola odorata linn. from Shikari Devi Wildlife Sanctuary, Himachal Pradesh, India

Sunny Dhiman — 2024-04-01

The traditional healers made significant use of the Viola odorata of the Violaceae family for its many ethnopharmacological uses. The phytochemical composition and in vitro antioxidant activity of solvent extracts from Viola odorata shoots were studied, and the antibacterial potential of the optimized extract was also examined. The Soxhlet apparatus was used to extract phytochemicals from shoots in four different solvents, including n-hexane, butanol, methanol, and water. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to analyze the stigmasterol profile of V. odorata shoots. The extracts were found to contain alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, and phenolics, all of which were found in significant amounts in the methanolic extract. The methanolic extract also showed the highest radical scavenging activity (79.23 ± 0.44 %). TLC and HPLC profiling of methanolic extract revealed a considerable amount of stigmasterol in the shoots of Viola odorata. HPLC analysis of the methanolic shoot extract of the plant revealed the presence of 0.009 µg mL-1 stigmasterol. Optimized Methanolic extract showed respectable in-vitro antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis (2.6 ± 0.41 mm zone of inhibition), E. coli (3.4 ± 0.71 mm zone of inhibition), and Candida albicans (3.5 ± 0.48 mm zone of inhibition). The outcomes demonstrated that the methanolic shoot extract of Viola odorata from Shikari Devi Wildlife Sanctuary, Himachal Pradesh, India, is a valuable herb for further screening and might be prepared for in-vivo animal studies.

Evaluation of anti-microbial effect of Sushrutokta Vayu-Nirvishikarana yoga

Soubhaghyalaxmi B — 2024-04-01

Introduction: With the presence of extensive number of various microbes in the living environment, there is need to explore few sustainable and safe practices to control the ill effects of the microbes. In Indian tradition the Dhoopana (fumigation process) is well established since time immemorial and it is practiced regularly for different purposes. Many of the formulations quoted in the classics are already in practice. Acharya Sushruta, in Kalpasthana quotes the use of Vayu Nirvishikarana Yoga for Dhoopana-artha in the chikitsa of Dushita Vayu. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt safer methods like Dhoopana with the herbal formulations for the disease control. Methods: Vayu Nirvishikarana yoga comprising of 11 drugs, predominantly constitutes of volatile oils, alkaloids and tannins from the respective drugs. There are proven studies over the antimicrobial property, anti-oxidant properties of various drugs of this formulation. Results: The study was conducted to showcase the efficacy of the Dhoopana yoga in an indoor environment in terms of limiting the microbial load. The results of this work showed considerable results with sufficient scope for further studies. Conclusion: Krimighna and Vishaghna gunas of these drugs used in this formulation can be justified as explained in the classics. After evaluating the existing data about Dhoopana process and executing the study, its effectiveness becomes self-evident, but scientific approach and evidence are required to mainstream them and to establish the formulations as primary disinfection measures.

Identification of potential DPP-4 inhibitors from Bryophyllum pinnatum by in-silico analysis

Shivaraj Kshirasagar — 2024-04-01

Background: An estimated 463 million people already live with diabetes and that figure is set to rise to over 700 million by 2045, as per the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). The current form of treatment for Type-2 DM can be done with sulfonylureas, meglitinides, metformin, thiazolidinediones, incretin mimetics: Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), and amylin analogues (Pramlintide). Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Oken (B. pinnatum) belongs to the plant family crassulaceae used in traditional medicine in Asia. GLP-1 and Glucose-dependant Insulinotropic Polypeptide (GIP), both play a similar role in stimulating insulin secretion and are inactivated by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (serine protease dipeptidyl peptidase-4) enzymes. Aims: To identify the potential anti-diabetic active compounds of Bryophyllum pinnatum against DPP-4 enzyme using in-silico methods. Methods and Material: The phytochemicals associated with Bryophyllum pinnatum were retrieved from ChEBI and canonical SMILES retrieved, followed by searching for its molecular properties and druglikeness using MolSoft LLC, toxicity test using ADVERPred, Swiss Target Prediction for predicting the DPP-4 inhibitors, molecular docking using Schrodinger software suite. Results: The in-silico study identified two phytochemicals from fourteen that have been predicted for DPP-4 inhibition potential against Type-2 DM. In CH₂CL₂and CH₃OH solvent compounds 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (-5.623 kcal/mol) and 3,4-didehydro-N4-deethylbrinzolamide (-4.91 kcal/mol) displayed the highest docking scores against human DPP-4 (5Y7K). Conclusions: The above-mentioned compounds revealed no side effects. The in-silico results strongly favour the beneficial use of phytochemicals from Bryophyllum pinnatum as a probable herb that can be used for adjuvant therapy. Further in-vitro and in-vivo tests are needed for confirmation.

In Vitro evaluation of anti-urolithiatic activity of Piper betle L.

Lekha Alwe — 2024-04-01

Urolithiasis or kidney stone is the most frequently occurring urinary disorders seen all over the world. They are saturated crystals formed due to the minerals present in the urine. It majorly comprises calcium oxalate, uric acid and phosphate crystals. The phosphate crystals, known as struvite, are formed due to the urinary tract infections. Although there are various synthetic medications, the use of traditional medicines / plants has been a promising method to treat kidney stones. To investigate the antiurolithiatic potential of traditional plant - Piper betle, the aqueous extract of Piper betle leaves was used. This extract was tested on two different crystals, first onto the raphides present in Colocasia esculenta leaf which is analogous to the calcium oxalate crystals. Second on the struvite crystals prepared from the crystallization method. The study showed there was a considerable decrease in the amount of raphides present in Colocasia esculenta and the same effect was seen on struvite crystals, which reveals that the leaves of Piper betle have an effect in dissolving and/or minimising the size of both crystals, thus substantiating the traditional claim. It is concluded that the leaves of Piper betle have beneficial inhibitory effect on in vitro crystallization of calcium oxalate and struvite crystals.

Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions on application of Nagaradi Lepa - A Retrospective analysis

Haseena Kurikkal — 2024-04-01

Introduction: Cutaneous adverse drug reactions are among the most common types of drug hypersensitivity reactions. Although considered natural and safe, Ayurveda medicines can cause adverse reactions. This article highlights the cases of cutaneous adverse drug reactions possibly due to external application of Nagaradi lepa. Materials and Methods: This is an observational, retrospective and record based study conducted by analyzing the spontaneous reported ADR forms, caused by the external application of Nagaradi lepa, collected over a period of 12 months (April 2022 to March 2023) at Peripheral Pharmacovigilance Centre, VPSV Ayurveda College Kottakkal, Kerala. Results: During the period of one year, 3 cutaneous ADRs were reported due to external application of Nagaradi lepa. All the 3 cases fall under the category of Probable according to Naranjo’s ADR Probability scale. 2 cases were mild and 1 case was moderate in severity. All the 3 cases were recovered from ADR. Conclusion: Though under reporting, we may have to consider the possibility of Ayurvedic drugs to cause adverse drug reactions. Pharmacovigilance is an ongoing and continuous process. Reporting of ADR to Pharmacovigilance centers help to generate information on ADR related Ayurvedic formulations and also to prevent its recurrence.

In Vitro Immunomodulatory Activity of Sagalanoi Chooranam (Poly Herbal Formulation) in RAW Macrophage Cell Line

Tamilarasan G — 2024-04-01

Within the realm of Siddha medicine, an ancient and venerable traditional healing system hailing from India, a comprehensive methodology is deployed to combat liver disorders. This approach is characterised by the utilisation of herbal remedies, accentuating the reinstatement of equilibrium in the body's vital life force, known as "Vatham," "Pitham," and "Kapham." The utilisation of cell line studies is crucial in assessing the immunomodulatory properties of herbal medicine, offering invaluable insights into their capacity to influence the immune system and advancing our comprehension of their therapeutic benefits. The primary objective of this investigation was to elucidate the potential immunomodulatory properties of sagalanoi chooranam, a polyherbal Siddha formulation, through the execution of anti-proliferative assays conducted. On the RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line. Various test solutions were precisely prepared, encompassing a spectrum of concentrations (50, 100 and 200 μg/ml). The RAW 264.7 cells were diligently cultured and then carefully subjected to stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to initiate cellular activation. Following this activation, the test formulation was introduced at varying concentrations, after which the cells underwent a 24-hour incubation period. The resultant nitrite levels, serving as indicators of immunomodulatory response, were evaluated within the cell lysate. The outcomes unveiled a notable decline in nitrite levels, correlating with the dosage of the test formulation during the incubation with RAW 264.7 cells. The outcomes of the study elucidate a conspicuous decline in nitrite levels in direct correlation with escalating concentrations of the test formulation, contrasting starkly with the control group exclusively subjected to LPS. Furthermore, the investigation meticulously probed the ramifications of the test formulation on cellular viability. The vitality of RAW 264.7 cells exhibited a discernible downward trajectory as the concentration of the test formulation ascended. Noteworthy is the fact that, at the concentration of 200 μg/ml, cellular viability registered at a mere 55.53 ± 3.567%. Collectively, these findings lend credence to the hypothesis that the test formulation possesses a dose-dependent capacity to attenuate both nitrite levels and cellular viability within the RAW 264.7 cell milieu, underscoring its auspicious immunomodulatory attributes. This research expands our insights into the potential immunological ramifications of the test formulation and underscores its plausible utility within the realm of immunomodulation.

Evaluation and method development for quantification of Piperine in Hutabhugadi Churna by RP- HPLC

Suresh Kumar SV — 2024-04-01

Aim and Objective: The current work was aimed at preparing the Hutabhugadi Churna in the laboratory and evaluating the same including the method development for the estimation of a marker compound Piperine by using RP-HPLC. Methods: Prepared Hutabhugadi churna was subjected for macroscopic, physical, and chemical evaluation considering WHO guidelines. The methanolic extract was subjected for estimation of Piperine as marker using RP-HPLC. Results: The macroscopic characteristics like colour, odour and taste are recorded. The physical characteristics like loss on drying, ash value, extractive value, swelling index, foaming index, powder properties like angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density, compressibility index etc. were determined. Total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, preliminary phytochemical screening was also carried out. The results are compared with marketed formulation of Hutabhugadi churna. The retention time of the standard Piperine was found to be 5.517, while the Piperine in extracts of laboratory and marketed formulations was found to be was found to be 5.554 and 5.562 respectively. The concentration of Piperine in laboratory and marketed formulation was found to be 0.17 %w/w and 0.18 % w/w respectively. The method developed was also validated. Conclusion: The laboratory made Hutabhugadi churna and marketed formulation of Hutabhugadi churna was comparatively evaluated. The resulting data will be useful for the standardization of the Hutabhugadi churna, an Ayurvedic formulation.