Evaluation of Dermal Safety of Pachai Pakku Thailam Using the Draize Test in Rabbits

Abstract

Traditional Siddha medicine has employed herbal oils such as Pachai Pakku Thailam to address skin issues, but scientific confirmation of their safety for skin use is still scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the primary skin irritation potential of Pachai Pakku Thailam using the Draize method in albino rabbits. The herbal mixture, derived from green-leaved plants, was applied topically to a shaved 6 cm² section on the backs of the rabbits. Skin reactions were noted and rated for erythema and edema at both 1 hour and 72 hours after application by OECD guidelines. A total of six rabbits were utilized, split into control and experimental groups. The control group was not given any treatment, whereas the test group was administered Pachai Pakku Thailam. All animals displayed a score of 0.00 for both erythema and edema at every observation point. The determined Primary Irritation Index (PII) was 0.00, categorizing the formulation as non-irritating. These results verify that Pachai Pakku Thailam does not induce skin irritation during acute exposure scenarios, endorsing its historical application for skin conditions. Additional research, encompassing chronic toxicity assessments and human testing, is advised to completely determine its safety profile and support its incorporation into contemporary dermatological practices.