Holistic approaches in the management of Hypertension: An Evidence-Based Narrative Review

Abstract

Introduction: Hypertension a growing public health challenge and a leading risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality with around 10.8 million deaths attributable to it per annum. Despite effective pharmacological therapies, long-term use is often associated with side effects and poor compliance. Ayurveda offers a holistic approach. Objective of this review was to assess evidence from available Ayurvedic intervention for management of hypertension. Materials and methods: A narrative review was undertaken using electronic databases PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science for studies published till December 2024. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials, observational studies and case reports during which ayurvedic interventions, herbal formulations, Panchakarma therapies and lifestyle modifications were evaluated. Study selection was made according to predetermined eligible criteria. Results: A total of 20 studies fulfilling predefined inclusion criteria were included. Herbal formulations including Sarpagandha-based preparations, Brahmi Vati and polyherbal combinations demonstrated significant reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Panchakarma therapies including Basti, Virechana and Shirodhara showed beneficial effects on cardiovascular parameters including blood pressure. Lifestyle interventions including yoga, pranayama and dietary modifications contributed to improved blood pressure control, stress reduction and overall well-being. Discussion: Ayurvedic interventions offer promising complementary approaches in managing hypertension. However there were several limitations including small sample sizes, heterogeneity in interventions and variability in study designs. More large-scale, well-designed clinical trials are needed to confirm their efficacy and incorporation into conventional practice.