Standardization and Bioavailability Assessment of Panchashirishadi Agad: An Integrative Analytical Study

Abstract

Background: Panchashirishadi Agad is a classical Ayurvedic formulation described in Sushruta Samhita for the management of toxic conditions in Agadtantra. However, scientific standardization data regarding its pharmaceutical and analytical profile are limited. Objective: To prepare Panchashirishadi Agad in Churna and Lepa forms according to classical references and evaluate its physicochemical characteristics, chromatographic profile, and in-vitro bio-accessibility. Materials and Methods: The formulation was prepared as per the classical method described in Sushruta Samhita (Kalpasthana 5/81). Raw drugs were authenticated prior to pharmaceutical processing. Physicochemical parameters such as loss on drying, total ash, acid-insoluble ash, pH, and extractive values were assessed using standard analytical procedures. Chromatographic profiling was performed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detection (HPLC-DAD). In-vitro bio-accessibility studies were conducted using Franz diffusion apparatus to simulate oral and dermal absorption. Results: The formulations demonstrated satisfactory analytical values with low moisture content, acceptable ash values, and optimum extractive values indicating purity and stability. The pH of the formulations was found to be within a physiologically acceptable range. HPLC-DAD analysis revealed distinct phytoconstituent peaks confirming formulation consistency and authenticity. Franz diffusion studies showed appreciable release and diffusion patterns, indicating favorable bio-accessibility of the active constituents. Conclusion: The present study establishes a comprehensive standardization protocol for Panchashirishadi Agad through integration of classical Ayurvedic pharmaceutics and modern analytical techniques, supporting its quality, safety, and therapeutic reliability as an antidotal formulation.