Analytical Characterization and Standardization of Bol Parpati: Ensuring Quality and Efficacy in Ayurveda

Abstract

Aim: To prepare Bol Parpati, a traditional herbo-mineral Ayurvedic formulation, and establish its quality control standards for safe and effective use in gynecological hemorrhagic disorders. Objective: Combine classical pharmaceutical methods with modern analytical techniques for the preparation, characterization, and standardization of Bol Parpati. Method: Bol Parpati was prepared by purifying mercury and sulfur, forming Kajjali (mercury-sulfur compound), incorporating Aloe vera ash (Bol churna), and converting the mixture into thin, flake-like sheets. Comprehensive physicochemical testing, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and particle size analysis were conducted to evaluate its composition, structural attributes, and bioavailability. Observation: Physicochemical tests indicated moisture loss of 5.0–6.5%, total ash content of 15.0–17.0%, and acid-insoluble ash between 1.5–2.5%. Extractive values ranged 19.0–23.0% in water and 23.0–26.0% in alcohol with an aqueous pH of 5.0–5.5. XRF measured major elements of light elements (69.3%), sulfur (18.1%), and mercury (10.4%) with trace elements present and no toxic heavy metals. XRD confirmed crystalline phases of metacinnabar and cinnabar (HgS). FTIR detected sulfur and herbal functional groups validating the matrix. Particle size analysis showed ultra-fine, near-spherical particles with low agglomeration (d₅₀ = 1.23 µm; d₉₀ = 2.24 µm). Results: Integrated traditional and modern methodologies ensured the safety, efficacy, and reproducibility of Bol Parpati. The physicochemical and instrumental analyses confirmed consistent composition with minimal impurities, stable mercury sulfide crystalline phases, preserved herbal constituents, and particle characteristics favoring enhanced dissolution and bioavailability. These findings support its standardization for contemporary Ayurvedic practice.