Antidiabetic activity of Hydroalcoholic extract of Epiphyllum oxypetalum (Nishagandhi) leaf extract on Alloxan induced Diabetes Mellitus in Rats

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycaemia resulting from impaired insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. It is associated with disturbances in carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism. Epiphyllum oxypetalum, commonly known as “Bakawali” or “Bunga Raja,” belongs to the family Cactaceae and is traditionally used in Malay medicine. Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the antidiabetic activity of Epiphyllum oxypetalum leaf extract in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Adult male Wistar rats weighing 180–200 g were used for the experimental study. Diabetes mellitus was induced by administration of alloxan. Diabetic animals were treated with Epiphyllum oxypetalum leaf extract, and changes in blood glucose levels were assessed. The effects of the extract were compared with those observed in normal and diabetic control groups. Results: Administration of alloxan produced a significant elevation in blood glucose levels, confirming successful induction of experimental diabetes. Treatment with Epiphyllum oxypetalum leaf extract produced a beneficial reduction in elevated blood glucose levels in diabetic rats, indicating potential antidiabetic activity. Conclusion: The findings suggest that Epiphyllum oxypetalum leaf extract possesses promising antidiabetic properties and may be a potential source of bioactive compounds for managing hyperglycaemia. Further investigations are required to identify the active phytoconstituents and clarify their mechanisms of action.